Abstract
The article focuses on tensions that occurred after World War I between the Republic of Poland and Lithuania, especially Vilnius. The artistic groups of that time, first of all “Żagary”, had to develop their activity in an atmosphere full of tensions and antagonisms. The researcher emphasizes that Vilnius and the Vilnius region could have been – and were – the cradle of movements of reviving national cultures (Lithuanian, Belarussian) and an important center of Jewish literature and culture (the Jersusalem of the North ). Vilnius was also an important – as in the Romanticism or the Interwar Years – center of Polish literature.
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