Abstract
The history of the magazine Poland is outlined against the background of the conditions faced by Polish exiles deported from Austria to the USA in March 1834. After a short period of support from American society, they were left to their own entrepreneurship. Most of them came from the nobility and did not know English, which significantly hindered finding employment. This article focuses on the figures of Paweł Sobolewski and Eustachy Wyszyński – exiles who managed to adapt to the unfamiliar conditions. Their biographies and achievements are brought closer; especially Sobolewski, who gained fame as a poet and the editor and publisher of the first English-language magazine „Poland,” dealing with Polish history and culture. The article details the circumstances of the periodical’s edition and its form and content based on copies preserved in the National Library in Warsaw. The second goal of the article is an attempt to collect Sobolewski’s literary achievements, scattered in American press. As a result of a selective query, over twenty of his works published in contemporary journals were compiled, indicating the titles of publications in which they were included, with the reservation that this list is not complete. A more comprehensive query of contemporary press in the USA may uncover new, previously unknown works of the editor of „Poland” and fill gaps in his biography.
References
Bibliografia podmiotowa:
„Poland, Historical, Literary, Monumental and Picturesque”, Paul Sobolewski Editor, Published by Sobolewski, E. Wyszynski, New-York 1842, Biblioteka Narodowa w Warszawie, Sygn. P.20235 Chr.Arch.
utworów P. Sobolewskiego, opublikowanych w latach 1835–1883, Tabela 2 i 3 (w tekście).
Napoleon and His Marshalls, Published by Paul Soboleski, Schaefer & Kenny Printers, Chicago 1869.
Poets and Poetry of Poland, Edited by Paul Soboleski, Knight & Leonard, Printers, Chicago 1881.
John Sobieski, the King of Poland, Conquers the Turks under the walls of Vienna… etc, Chicago 1883, nakład „Gazety Polskiej”.
Bibliografia przedmiotowa:
B.a., Jak zaborca austriacki wysłał za ocean emigrantów polskich, uczestników powstania listopadowego. „Kuryer Literacko-Naukowy” Kraków 1936, nr 48.
Białynia Chołodecki J., Jenerał Kołyszko i tegoż podkomendni na terytoryum Galicyi, Lwów 1912.
Forajter W., Splątane koneksje. Nowoczesna technika, łowcy plagiatów i transatlantycka kultura popularna w Drzewie – balonie Sygurda Wiśniowskiego, „Teksty Drugie” 2023, nr 1, s. 385–401.
Haiman M., Ślady polskie w Ameryce, Chicago 1938.
Haiman M., Z przeszłości polskiej w Ameryce, Buffalo 1927.
Jakubowski A.A., Wspomnienia polskiego wygnańca, przekład, wstęp, redakcja J. Ławski i P. Oczko, Białystok 2013.
Kraszewski K., Generał Filip Hauman i rodzina Antoniego Malczewskiego, Warszawa 1888.
Kunaszowski H., Życiorysy uczestników Powstania Listopadowego, Lwów 1880.
Lodesky J.D., Polish Pioneers in Illinois 1818–1850, Xlibris Corporation, bmw 2010.
Modzelewska-Opara E., Dorobek pisarski i misja kulturalna polskich emigrantów w Stanach Zjednoczonych Ameryki w latach 1831–1842, Kraków 2022.
Orzechowski E., Teatr polonijny w Stanach Zjednoczonych, Kraków 1989.
Pług A., Paweł Sobolewski, „Kłosy” 1882, nr 885 (15 VI), s. 362–364.
Stasik F., Polska emigracja polityczna w Stanach Zjednoczonych Ameryki 1831–1864, Warszawa 1973.
Wardziński Z., As one general to another: William H. Harrison’s Eulogy of Kościuszko Delivered in Congress and Reprinted by Paul Sobolewski in His Poland (New York 1842), „The Polish Review” 1988, Vol. 33/4, s. 431–446.
Wardziński Z., The oldest Slavic magazine in the United States: „Poland: Historical, Literary, Monumental, Picturesque” and its article on Copernicus (1842), „The Polish Review” 1974, Vol. 19, No. 3/4 , pp. 83–98.
Wójcicka Z., Julian Juźwikiewicz, Polacy w Ameryce, czyli pamiętnik piętnastomiesięcznego pobytu, „Napis” 1999, Seria V.
Źródła prasowe:
„Chicago Daily Tribune 1881 (10 IX);1880 (30 XI).
„Chicago Tribune” 1878 (8 IX); 1875 (3 X); 1873 (5 I); 1872 (6 I); (13 I); (14 I); (15 I); (21 I); (27 I); (28 I); (1 II); (7 II); (10 II); (11 II); 1871 (9 XII); (16 XII); (24 XII); (30 XII); (31 XII); 1870 (28 V); (27 VIII); 1869 (13 VIII); (19 VIII).
„Kenosha Telegraph” 1850 (17 V); (31 V); (28 VI); (5 VII); (12 VII); (26 VII); (2 VIII); (16 VIII); (23 VIII); (30 VIII); (6 IX); (20 IX); (4 X); (11 X); (25 X); (1 XI); 1850 (29 XI); 1851 (17 I); (24 I); 1852 (20 II); 1866 (22 III).
„Kronika Emigracji Polskiej” Paryż 1837, T. 6; 1835, ark. 21 (12 III); 1835 ark. 17 (20 II); 1834, ark. 11 (15 XII); 1834 ark. 12 (31 XII).
„New-York Daily Tribune” 1846 (18 VI); 1846 (18 IV); 1842 (17 IX); 1842 (17 VIII).
„The Belvidere Standard” 1863 (3 III); 1863 (17 II); 1876 (18 IV),
„The Lady’s Amaranth” 1838, Vol. 1, no. 6 (15 IX), s. 132; 1838, Vol. 1, no. 7 (29 IX), s. 156; 1838, Vol. 1, no. 8 (13 X), s. 180; 1838, Vol. 1, no. 11, s. 254; 1839, Vol. 2 no. 1 (5 I), s. 8; 1839, Vol. 2 no. 2 (19 I), s. 46; 1839. Vol. 2 no. 4 (15 II);
„The Lady’s Book” 1839 (II); 1839 (VI), s. 234;
„The Lady’s Garland” 1839, no. 9, s. 220; 1839, no. 10, s. 248; 1840, no.1, s. 18–20;
„Tygodnik Emigracyi Polskiej” Paryż 1835 (8 II); 1835 (30 I); 1835 (16 I); 1835 (9 I); 1834 (30 XI); 1834 (18 XI); 1834 (9 X).
„Zgoda” Chicago 1882, nr 8 (11 I); nr 11 (1 II); nr 12 (8 II); nr 13 (15 II); nr 18 (22 III); 1882, nr 21 (12 IV).
Netografia:
Date of Death. https://idapubliclibrary.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/S.pdf [dostęp: 12.07.2023].
A Streak of Good Luck. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/106384769/paul-sobolewski [dostęp: 12.07.2023].
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