Keywords
Hibbath Zion
Zionism
George Eliot
Laurence Oliphant
William Hechler
How to Cite
Abstract
In his article, Philip Earl Steele analyzes the impact of Christian Zionists in Central-Eastern Europe from 1876 to 1884, i.e., in the period when the first Zionist movement, known as Hibbath Zion, coalesced. Steele
focuses on the efforts of Jews from the Russian Empire and Romania to settle in Palestine, and above all on the encouragement to do so as variously provided by English Christian Zionists. Steele examines the
ideas of Zionism in a variety of contexts: literary, historical, political, and religious. He foremost emphasizes: how George Eliot’s novel 'Daniel Deronda' fueled Zionist thinking and efforts among Jews across CentralEastern Europe; the surpassing role of Laurence Oliphant, whom Jews widely hailed as “a messiah”, “a second Cyrus”, and “a Samson”; and the significance of Rev. William Hechler (best remembered as an associate of Theodor Herzl), who in 1882 met Leon Pinsker and had a role in persuading him to uphold Palestine as the territory of the future Jewish state he argued for in his pamphlet 'Auto-emancipation'. Steele presents the famous Hoveve Zion conference of 1884 – held in today’s Katowice, Poland, and chaired by Pinsker and Białystok’s rabbi Samuel Mohylewer – as the culmination of the first phase of the newly created movement.
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