Abstract
This article aims to analyze the artistic and national identification of Bruno Schulz, who, living in what is now Ukrainian Drohobych for nearly his entire life, was of Jewish origin and wrote in Polish and German, achieving considerable international renown. The research is dedicated to defining Schulz’s national and cultural identity through ontologizing, systematizing, and theoretically generalizing information from scientific studies on Schulz. It summarizes various perspectives from established and emerging scholars, researchers from different fields, and admirers of Schulz’s work, ranging from those questioning the possibility of defining Schulz’s identity to those asserting his role as a universally celebrated artist with multiple national affiliations. The article provides a brief biographical overview emphasizing aspects related to the investigation’s themes, discusses different approaches to the debated problem of Schulz’s identity, and states the author’s viewpoint. Schulz’s identity is multifaceted: Ukrainian by birth and residence, Jewish by ethnicity, Polish and partly German by linguistic expression, and a worldclass European artist by his contribution to and place within global and European culture and arts.
References
Andrukhovych Yu., Malynovskyi R., Paralelnokulturnist, „Chasopys”, № 8, [online:] http://surl.li/jkdec [dostup: 19.05.2022].
Bomko O., Bruno Shults: trahichna istoriia zhyttia pysmennyka zi Lvivshchyny, [online:] http://surl.li/jpkxp [dostup: 5.08.2023].
Bruno Shults (1892–1942): bibliohrafichnyi pokazhchyk, Drohobych 2018.
Bruno Shults. Biohrafiia, „Sait UkrLib (storinka «Zarubizhna literatura»)”, [online:] http://surl.li/jocxb [dostup: 17.12.2023].
Bruno Shults. 2022 rik u Polshchi oholosyly rokom Bruno Shultsa, „Sait kultury chytannia i mystetstva knyhovydannia «Chytomo»”, [online:] http://surl.li/jpnop [dostup: 17.12.2023].
Bruno Shults, „Sait vydavnytstva «A-ba-ba-ha-la-ma-ha»”, [online:] http://surl.li/jodcl [dostup: 17.12.2023].
Bruno Shults – znanyi i neznanyi, „Sait Naukovoho tsentru Iudaiky ta Yevreiskoho mystetstva”, [online:] http://surl.li/hgqlo [dostup: 17.12.2023].
Chop H., Bruno Shults – pahin, pryvytyi do mohutnoho stovbura ukrainskoi kultury, „Novyi Pohliad” 24.06.2011, [online:] http://surl.li/kmxkn [dostup: 17.12.2023].
Chopik V., Misto i liudy. Bruno Shults. Fortuna, [online:] http://surl.li/jpkhi [dostup: 10.06.2021].
Drozdovskyi D., Tsynamonova klepsydra Bruno Shultsa, „Druh chytacha”, [online:] http://surl.li/jwdre [dostup: 10.02.2011].
Ficowski J., Regiony wielkiej herezji, Sejny 2002.
Filevych N., Bruno Shults. Zhyttia pislia zhyttia, „Zbrucz”, [online:] http://surl.li/jodgo [dostup: 11.01.2021].
Golberg L., Vira Menok: «Shults – svidchennia yevropeiskosti Ukrainy», „Zbrucz”, [online:] http://surl.li/khjad [dostup: 26.05.2014].
Golberg L., Yurii Andrukhovych: „Kosmopolityzm – tse zdatnist liudyny spryimaty chuzhe yak ridne. Tobto tse vidkrytist”, „Maidan. Drohobytska internet-hazeta”, [online:] http://surl.li/kmvja [dostup: 12.12.2011].
Haladzhun M., Drohobytskyi Bruno Shults, „We love ua”, [online:] http://surl.li/jrwqc [dostup: 17.12.2023].
Hladka K., Skalichenyi mif Bruno Shultsa, „Zbrucz”, [online:] http://surl.li/jrrhj [dostup: 7.12.2020].
Jarzębski J., Schulz, Wrocław 1999.
Kanevskyi D., Interv’iu z hamburzkym dokumentalistom Beniaminom Gaisslerom, „Sait DW”, [online:] http://surl.li/iyvxv [dostup: 17.07.2017].
Kapralova A., Bruno Shults: litopysets mistychnoho Drohobycha, „Plomin. Club”, [online:] http://surl.li/kajhz [dostup: 12.07.2021].
Kitovska-Lysiak M., Bruno Shults, „Culture.pl”, [online:] http://surl.li/kmtez [dostup: 17.12.2023].
Kolodiichyk I., Ukrainskyi Bruno, „Ukrainskyi tyzhden”, [online:] http://surl.li/jpnej [dostup: 11.06.2010].
Kurpil S., „Ukraina mala b hordytysia spadshchynoiu Bruno Shultsa, yakyi zhyv i tvoryv na ukrainskii zemli”, „Vysokyi zamok” 23–25.03.2012.
[Lektsiia Natalii Filevych], Bruno Shults (Schulz, Bruno) pysmennyk svitovoi slavy z Drohobycha, [online:] http://surl.li/jrnmo [dostup: 17.12.2023].
Malynovskyi R., Yurii Andrukhovych pro Bruno Shultsa: „Ioho ponadnatsionalnist zavzhdy bude vyprobovuvatysia politychnoiu kon’iunkturoiu”, „Korydor” 06.03.2019, [online:] http://surl.li/jpngk [dostup: 17.12.2023].
Martynovych Yu., Den narodzhennia Bruno Shultsa. Henii z Drohobycha, yakyi mih by otrymaty po viini Nobelivsku premiiu, „Espreso” 12.07.2021, [online:] http://surl.li/hbogm [dostup: 17.12.2023].
Nakhlik Ye., Bruno Shults – nezvychainyi i vpiznavanyi, „Zbrucz”, [online:] http://surl.li/jrudq [dostup: 14.07.2022].
Nesterovych Ye., Pivmista chy pivtora: chy zmozhe Bruno Shults staty miskym brendom Drohobycha, „Ukrainska pravda” 16.06.2016, [online:] http://surl.li/jpxpt [dostup: 14.07.2022].
Panas W., Księga blasku. Traktat o kabale Brunona Schulza, Lublin 1997.
[parol: Bruno Shults], [online:] http://surl.li/hgkxz [dostup: 17.12.2023].
Pavlyshyn A., Bruno Shults / khudozh.-oformliuvach O. A. Huhalova-Mieshkova, Kharkiv 2021.
Pavlyshyn A., „Nam i dali zahrozhuie vichnist”, Vyd. 2-he, Kyiv 2021.
Pelenska O., Bruno Shults i Frants Kafka: daleki svity poruch, „Radio Svoboda” 20.07.2012, [online:] http://surl.li/jnzig [dostup: 17.12.2023].
Popiel M., Świat artysty. Modernistyczne estetyki tworzenia, Kraków 2018.
Poretskyi M., Zavdiaky «Dukhu i Literi» v Drohobytskii synahozi eksponuiut reproduktsii hrafiky Shultsa, „Maidan. Drohobytska internet-hazeta”, [online:] http://surl.li/klcjj [dostup: 20.03.2023].
Portnykov V., Cherven, Shults, „Dzerkalo tyzhnia” 22.06.2001, [online:] http://surl.li/jrqdv [dostup: 17.12.2023].
Prokhasko Yu., Pid verkhnimy verstvamy, „Ukrainskyi zriz” 16.02.2023, [online:] http://surl.li/jrvja [dostup: 17.12.2023].
rokiv vid dnia narodzhennia Bruno Shultsa, „Polskyi instytut u Kyievi. Novyny” 12.07.2017, [online:] http://surl.li/jrpqb [dostup: 17.12.2023].
Rudiachenko O., Bruno Shults. Sharmannyk iz tsynamonovoho mista, „Ukrinform. Multymediina platforma inomovlennia Ukrainy”, [online:] http://surl.li/ivufw [dostup: 17.12.2023].
Shults Bruno, [w:] Elektronna yevreiska entsyklopediia, [online:] http://surl.li/jzpee [dostup: 17.12.2023].
Shymanskyi O., Nemaie proroka…, „Ukraina moloda” 08.08.2012, [online:] http://surl.li/kmygv [dostup: 17.12.2023].
Sikorski L.K., Bruno Schulz na tle literatury polsko-żydowskiej, „Kresy” 2006, nr 68.
Sitkiewicz P., Bruno Schulz i krytycy. Recepcja twórczości Brunona Schulza w latach 1921–1939, Gdańsk 2018.
Słownik schulzowski, oprac. i red. W. Bolecki, J. Jarzębski, S. Rosiek, Gdańsk 2003.
Słownik schulzowski, oprac. i red. W. Bolecki, J. Jarzębski, S. Rosiek, wyd. 2, Gdańsk 2006.
Sukhomlynov O., Myttsi polsko-ukrainskoho pohranychchia. Halereia portretiv, „Kyivski polonistychni studii” 2009, T. XV.
Sulikowski A., Twórczość Brunona Schulza w krytyce i badaniach literackich (1934–1976), „Pamiętnik Literacki” 1978, № 2.
Svienkh Ye., Shults – halytskyi pysmennyk. Bruno Shults i kultura Pohranychchia: mater. dvokh pershykh edytsii Mizhnar. Festyvaliu Bruno Shultsa v Drohobychi, Drohobych 2007.
The Time: Komu nalezhyt Bruno Shults? [za materialamy statti Endriu Meiera], „KorespondenT.net” 10.07.2001, [online:] http://surl.li/kjjuh [dostup: 17.12.2023].
Tkachyk N., Yurii Andrukhovych: Ya b trymavsia vid Shultsa podali, „Nova Polshcha” 21.05.2021, [online:] http://surl.li/izeqs [dostup: 17.12.2023].
U Drohobychi vidznachyly 80-ti rokovyny smerti Bruno Shultsa, „Sait Polskie Radio. Ukrainska sluzhba Novyny”, [online:] http://surl.li/jpxps [dostup: 20.11.2022].
Vesnianka O., Brunoshultsomaniia, „Sait DW”, [online:] http://surl.li/knqnz [dostup: 6.12.2012].
Vin uvichnyv y uslavyv ridne misto: 131-i rokovyny vid dnia narodzhennia Bruno Shultsa, „Maidan. Drohobytska internet-hazeta”, [online:] http://surl.li/klblw [dostup: 12.07.2023].
Vozniak T., Bruno Shults. Povernennia: esei, pereklady, Lviv 2012.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2024 Natalia Matorina