Abstract
The article presents the history of Polish libraries in Lithuania, particularly those in Kaunas, Poniewież and Wiłkomierz. Firstly, it reviews the history of home libraries and private collections in old manor houses of landed gentry, which played a significant cultural role during the time of Partitions. Secondly, it discusses the history of certain book collections during WW I. Finally, it concentrates on the interwar period, arguing that at that time Polish libraries in Lithuania were an important element of Polish identity in the oppressive political and social context.
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